• Geochemical and isotopic methods linked ore-genesis across environments, from exhalative-sedimentary ores to granitic systems, unifying sedimentary geochemistry with economic geology in the 1950s [3], [4], [5], [8], [14], [20].

• Quantitative mineralogical analysis and standardized sedimentary rock nomenclature emerged as core frameworks for classifying sediments and rocks, with diffraction-based clay mineral quantification and grain-size/mineral-composition distinctions shaping ore prospectivity and stratigraphic studies [9], [10], [16].

• Regional geology and exploration studies integrated stratigraphy, petrology, and structural geology to map ore potential and mineral resources across the British Isles and Nigerian terrains, linking regional context to economic geology priorities [2], [7], [8].

• Elemental abundance and distribution of uranium, thorium, niobium, titanium, and rare metals in rocks and minerals informed exploration directions and nuclear-material considerations, demonstrating early geochemical exploration drivers across several rock types [3], [5], [14], [17], [20].